CT was supported by a fellowship from the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (IRCSET). The research leading to these results also received support from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement number 278948 (TACTICS), and from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI) under grant agreement number 115300-01 (EU-AIMS). Faraone), NWO Large Investment Grant 1750102007010 (to Jan Buitelaar) and matching grants from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen and Accare, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: The NeuroIMAGE study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01MH62873 (to Stephen V. Received: SeptemAccepted: JPublished: June 30, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 O’Dwyer et al. ![]() PLoS ONE 9(6):Įditor: Chandan Vaidya, Georgetown University, United States of America (2014) Brain Volumetric Correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The current findings stress the need to account for issues of ASD comorbidity in ADHD.Ĭitation: O’Dwyer L, Tanner C, van Dongen EV, Greven CU, Bralten J, Zwiers MP, et al. Equivocal results from previous structural studies in ADHD and ASD may be due to the fact that comorbidity has not been taken into account in studies to date. Increasing ASD score was associated with greater GM volume. ASD scores were predicted by the interaction between WM and GM volumes. ASD symptoms were significantly elevated in ADHD subjects relative to both controls and unaffected siblings. Whole brain T1-weighted MPRAGE images were acquired and the structural MRI correlates of ASD symptom scores were analysed by modelling ASD symptom scores against white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) volumes using mixed effects models which controlled for ADHD symptom levels. ADHD symptoms were assessed by a structured interview (K-SADS-PL) and the Conners’ ADHD questionnaires. ![]() The presence of ASD symptoms was measured by the parent-reported Children’s Social and Behavioural Questionnaire (CSBQ) in ADHD subjects (n = 180), their unaffected siblings (n = 118) and healthy controls (n = 146). While there is evidence that both ADHD and ASD have differential structural correlates, no study to date has investigated these structural correlates within a framework that robustly accounts for the phenotypic overlap between the two disorders. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms frequently occur in subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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